Over the past few decades, the Caribbean marine fauna has undergone significant changes, primarily due to diseases affecting local species such as the sea urchins (Diadema antillarum). Research conducted by scientists and ecologists, like Travis Graham from the GoldenEye Foundation, indicates a critical state of health of these organisms, which directly impacts the coral reef ecosystems. In 1980, the first outbreak of sea urchin disease destroyed nearly 98% of their population, leading to excessive algae growth that took over the coral reefs.
A similar scenario occurred in 2022 when a massive die-off of sea urchins was again recorded in the waters of Jamaica and other Caribbean locations. These losses significantly reduced the sea urchin population, which directly affects the health of coral reefs, as sea urchins play a crucial role in maintaining reef cleanliness by removing excess algae.
This year, during World Oceans Day, Graham highlighted serious neglect in research on the causes and effects of this disease. He noted a lack of consistent funding and interest, which could contribute to better understanding and protection of these ecosystems. He mentioned the need to intensify research that could explain the causes and find possible solutions to this problem.
Rebuilding the sea urchin population is also a key element of the work conducted by the GoldenEye for Coral foundation. In Oracabessa Bay, a sea urchin nursery was established where scientists strive to rebuild their population on the coral reefs. However, this is only part of a larger plan that also includes education and training among local communities and their involvement in protective actions, which may bring long-term benefits to the entire region.
The example of Grenada, which has developed a comprehensive coastal resource management plan, is an inspiration for other Caribbean countries, including Jamaica. Such an integrated approach allows for better management of marine ecosystems and can serve as a model to be emulated in other regions.
While initiatives like these are steps in the right direction, Graham emphasizes that further support and engagement at the local and international levels are crucial. The health of coral reefs has a direct impact on local economies, especially tourism and fisheries, which are major sources of income for many Caribbean communities. Thus, the protection and restoration of coral reefs not only serve to protect nature but are also an investment in the economic future of the region.
In summary, the current situation of the Caribbean coral reefs requires not only urgent actions in terms of research and protection but also broad social and political engagement that would support the lasting protection and development of marine ecosystems.
About the author
Grzegorz Bubak
My fascination with marine aquariums began over two decades ago when I stumbled upon an article about this topic in a magazine. Since then, the underwater world has become my obsession and passion, shaping my everyday life. I started my adventure with marine aquariums with soft corals, which were my first step into this fascinating world. Over time, captivated by the diversity and beauty of SPS corals, I decided to focus on their cultivation, which continues to fill me with constant wonder.
Thanks to my experience and passion for marine aquariums, I am ready to share my knowledge and expertise with other enthusiasts in this field. I am happy to be part of the Reef Pedia community, which serves as an invaluable source of information for all marine aquarium lovers.