Coral reefs, one of the most diverse ecosystems on our planet, play a crucial role not only in fishing and tourism but also in protecting coastlines. Unfortunately, they are increasingly endangered by plastic pollution, which occurs not only on the surface but also in deeper water layers.
Research conducted on 159 coral reefs in the Asia-Pacific region revealed that billions of plastic items have become entangled in reef structures. It turns out that the more spiny the corals, the more likely they are to catch plastic. The presence of plastic increases the risk of coral disease twentyfold.
Plastic on coral reefs is not only unsightly but primarily dangerous. It dims the light necessary for the life of corals, releases toxins, and leads to anoxic zones. These adverse conditions provide pathogens with an ideal environment to attack. Moreover, coral reefs with more complex structures are eight times more susceptible to the negative impact of plastic. This means that these places, which are home to many marine organisms and are crucial for local fishermen, are particularly vulnerable.
Approximately 11.1 billion plastic items pollute coral reefs across the Asia-Pacific region. Unfortunately, this number is expected to increase by 40% by 2025.
Recent studies demonstrate that plastic pollution on coral reefs significantly increases with depth. This is mainly due to fishing activities, where used tools and equipment often become sources of pollution. Simple solutions, such as free collection points for damaged gear in ports, could help reduce such waste.
This pollution has not spared even the most remote coral reefs, where plastic is found on 92% of them. Plastic pollution has become a global problem that knows no boundaries and requires joint international action.
Scientists emphasize the need to expand the protection of marine protected areas to also include deeper parts of coral reefs. It is equally important to update international agreements on combating plastic pollution, which should include specific solutions. Innovative approaches, such as the development of biodegradable alternatives for fishing gear, can significantly contribute to reducing this problem.
Thanks to coordinated actions at the global, local, and technological levels, it is possible to protect these incredibly valuable ecosystems for future generations. Reducing the amount of plastic reaching seas and oceans through better waste management is crucial for protecting coral reefs from diseases and the loss of their complex diversity. It is not just an environmental protection issue but also about safeguarding the livelihoods of fishermen and the health of millions of people worldwide who depend on coral reefs.
About the author
Grzegorz Bubak
My fascination with marine aquariums began over two decades ago when I stumbled upon an article about this topic in a magazine. Since then, the underwater world has become my obsession and passion, shaping my everyday life. I started my adventure with marine aquariums with soft corals, which were my first step into this fascinating world. Over time, captivated by the diversity and beauty of SPS corals, I decided to focus on their cultivation, which continues to fill me with constant wonder.
Thanks to my experience and passion for marine aquariums, I am ready to share my knowledge and expertise with other enthusiasts in this field. I am happy to be part of the Reef Pedia community, which serves as an invaluable source of information for all marine aquarium lovers.